日本の小学校における場としての職員室の形成 : 明治期学校管理論の分析を通して

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In Japanese primary schools shokuin-shitsu (staff rooms) is a very important place for school management, but few researches have been made on it. In this paper I analyze the way shokuin-shitsu was formed through the discourse on school management in Meiji Era from two points of view, i.e. the distinction of shokuin-shitsu from the other parts of school and the internal organization of shokuin-shitsu. From the first point of view, shokuin-shitsu was only a resting room at the start of modern school system in Japan. But later it was charged many school affairs whereas the classroom was only assigned teaching function. There was no need for the clerical staff's room, because clerical jobs were assigned to teachers. In one-class school shokuin-shitsu was combined with the teacher residence on the ground of family like intimacy and convenience of school management. It was not only said that teachers had to keep watch on pupils from the inside of shokuin-shitsu, but also that pupils could look into the room because teachers should be the model for pupils' behavior. From the second point of view, in the second decade of the Era it came to be said that shokuin-shitsu was the center of school governance and management and comfort such as chats came to be prohibited. The order of seats was organized based on sex, qualification and the length of service. Shokuin-shitsu was organized bureaucratically, but at the same time teacher collaboration and intimacy in shokuin-shitsu was advocated. Despite the fact that inside order of shokuin-shitsu was said to be the model of pupils' behavior, shokuin-shitsu was often in confusion and many writers criticized it. Trough the process of the formation shokuin-shitsu had contained many activities like preparation of classes, guidance of pupils, clerical works and so on. These activities were not combined with each other functionally but structurally coupled by sharing the field (shokuin-shitsu) and person (teachers). Teaching activities of teachers were also structurally coupled in shokuin-shitsu. As a result activities in schools were not combined in a functional way that might lead to form a kind of culture known as the teachers' culture today.
2005-05-30

日本の小学校における場としての職員室の形成 : 明治期学校管理論の分析を通して

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