「学校経営者」の拡大と限定(<特集>教育改革と学校経営の構造転換(2)自律的学校経営を担う学校経営者の在り方)
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概要
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Who are "school managers"? "School administrators" and "school leaders" are similar terms to school managers. In the broadest sense, school managers mean principals, vice-principals, head-teachers of instruction, of grade, etc. and clerks, as well as school supervisors and superintendents of central offices. In addition, they include parents and community people who participate in the decision-making of schools. Principals and vice-principals are called school administrators, too, because they have authority and responsibility to manage their schools. A term of school leader is very often used recently. School leaders mean school managers who show good leadership to improve their own schools with their staff. A type of their leadership is characterized as "instructional leadership." "School-Based Management" (SBM) system has been introduced. The above all persons may be school managers in the SBM system, because they are all involved in it. However, a concept of school manager should be interpreted narrowly in the SBM system. A purpose of the SBM system is to fulfil "school improvement" in each site. Instructional leadership is essential to do it. Therefore, only people who can show instructional leadership to improve their own schools in the SBM system have to be said to be school managers. Those school managers are equivalent to school leaders. Advices and aids from superintendents and supervisors are necessary to make improvement in each school. But, superintendents and supervisors should be not included among school managers or school leaders, because they are supporters for improvement in each school, not performers belonging to each school. School managers have to have the accountability for results of their management. Parents and community people cannot legally take the accountability for their participating in decision-making. In conclusion, school managers in the SBM system are school leaders who strive to make improvement for their own schools by showing instructional leadership and take the accountability for their management. Concretely, they are principals, vice-principals, head-teachers, and clerks.
- 2005-05-30
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