韓国の農村開発 : 外発型政策の回顧と内発的発展への展望(共同研究 : 体制移行と経済開発に関する総合的研究)
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概要
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In Korea, rural population has migrated to some big cities and a large income disparity has existed between rural and urban areas. The Korean government has implemented several policies for rural development since the 1960s. In the 1960s, the development policies were mainly for the purpose of promoting food production. In the 1970s, the Saemaul Movement prevailed in the rural areas. This movement aimed to improve farmers' living environment and to raise their income. The Saemaul Movement is now characterized as a spiritual movement as well as a rural development project. In the 1980s, the government started a new rural development policy with a bottom-up approach, which integrates both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. The Korean central government has strongly taken the initiative in the rural development policies since the 1960s. However, these policies, which are "exogenous" to each area, have been mostly unsuccessful. Although the Korean economy attained remarkable growth, the rural-urban income disparity was not reduced. Korea became a member of OECD in 1996. The demand for leisure has been increasing with the economic development. Rural areas are more considered to be a place for recreation and tourism, while the reduction of agricultural protection is inevitable. On the other hand, the elections for local governors restarted in 1995. Local governments and residents are now able to plan their original development policies. These changes in economic and political conditions are the basis for recent policies that aim at "endogenous development" through "rural tourism" or "green tourism." The Korean government promotes the Rural Tourism Development Projects, which subsidize tourism farms, home-stay villages, and resort complexes. Sunch'ang County in Chonbuk Province is described in this paper as a pilot case of rural tourism organized by a local government. The population of Sunch'ang County has decreased by half in these 20 years and has few industries other than agriculture. The local government of Sunch'ang County is planning economic vitalization by "Japanese-style green tourism" projects, in which local governments involve more than the conventional rural tourism in Korea. A natural park, a folk village, and a few of tourism farms are located in the county. A general plan to integrate these facilities and human resources to promote the green tourism are required for further development. Finally, this paper points out some issues for endogenous rural development in Korea. First, local governments should manage each area to more extent. Second, local governments should be more independent both fiscally and administratively of the central government. Third, living environment in rural areas should be more improved. Fourth, local residents should have entrepreneurship to develop each area. These have been always important issues for rural development in Korea, some of which are common to Japan.
- 桃山学院大学の論文
- 2001-12-10
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