ハンドボールシュートの正確性及び、フォームに影響を及ぼす時間的条件について

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Both perceptual and motor ability are equally important to a good ball game player. We commonly called this ability as Perceptual-Motor Ability. The word of perceptual is a function of the sensory organs to the outer stimulus, and afferent pass way to the sensory cortex in the brain. This ability is said largely upon to the inherit, but still it might improve by way of practice. Later the word Motor Ability is the sum of the total of ones physical resource, and it could increased significantly by way of training. In this study we try to know the individual differences of this ability in skilled hand ball player, and compare it with male and female skilled and nonskilled. For these purposes we deviced a target which is the same size with the hand ball goal, and divided it into nine areas. In the center of each area there is a lump which was triggered by a on-off switch buried into the ground at the shot position, and this switch was connected to a programming box than to target which decided one of the lightened target before each trial when the subjects touched the switch at take-off or during running. Four timing conditions gave to each subjects there were ; 1) Cognited the lightened target three steps before shot, 2) two steps 3), one step, and 4) nonstep in whitch the subject cognited the lightened target at the split second of his take-off. Subjects included male and female college hand ball players, male high school hand ball players, male middle school hand ball players, and male primary school hand ball players. For the purpose of comparison, there were two groups nonskilled subjects of college and primary subjects included. Performance of each trial was calculated into points. A high speed camera was used to see the changes of Timing, Spacing and the Phases of the Running jump Shot which might coused by the different time conditions of the shot. Some finding in the study could be summalized as follow ; 1) The relationship between time for the Running Jump Shot and the correctness of its performance is largely depend upon to the time when the subjects noticed the position for shooting before their actually shooting movement. The performances decreased gradually following the time conditions from A to D in most of the subjects. (fig. 1) 2) The maximum initial ball vilocity obtained when subjects were asked to shoot ball with maximum effort without target were ; 18.03m/sec. for primary school, 19.46m/sec. for middle school, 20.21m/sec. for high school, and 18.49m/sec. for college skilled subjects respectlly (the ball size were differed in each group). Compared those speed with the speed obtained under four time conditions, the speeds of skilled primary and high school subjects shown little variety no matter time conditions were changed. The middle school subjects were much lower in D condition. College subjects were decreased from B to D excepted A condition. Non skilled primary school subjects had a little change of the maximum speed under different time conditions, but the nonskilled college subjects under D condition the ball speed decreased largely. (fig. 2, 3) 3) The phases of Running Jump Shot ; The skilled college and nonskilled primary school subjects shown a tendency that were to lengthen the prepare phase (fig. 4, obliqued line) from A to D time conditions. none of this phenomina found in the nonskilled college subjects. In the case of skilled subjects the movement time increased following the conditions from A to D could be found but non of such phenomena in nonskilled subjects. 4) Judging from the high speed cinecamera's film, the form of Running Jump Shot various individualy, and were infleunced significantly by the time conditions. In both C and D conditions skilled subjects keeped on prepare phase longer then that of nonskilled subjects in order to cover the insuficient time of finding the lightened target as a kind of adaptatable form, but none of this phenomena found in nonskilled subjects. (fig. 5 to 16)
1980-03-01

ハンドボールシュートの正確性及び、フォームに影響を及ぼす時間的条件について

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