Image Metamorphosis based on Elastic Body Spline and Snake Model

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Image metamorphosis (For short, image morphing) is an active field of research and recent efforts aim at improving both user interface and warping results. Generally, the morphing technique involves three problems. The first is to establish correspondence between given two images, which is most difficult part of morphing process. The correspondence is usually established by hand. The second problem is to define or construct a mapping function which deforms the first image towards the second one based on these feature points, and vice versa. The third problem is to blend pixel values of the two deformed images to create in-between images. this will end the morphing process. This study aims to raise strategy to solve these problems. First, we propose a semi-automatic algorithm based on snake model to specify the feature correspondence between two given images. It allows a user to extract contour that define facial feature such as lips, mouth, profile. etc., by specifying only endpoints of the contour around the feature that serves as the extremities of contour. Then we use these two points as anchor points, and automatically computes the image information around these endpoints to provide boundary conditions. Next, we optimize the contour by taking this information into account close to its extremities. During the iterative optimization process, the image forces are moving progressively from the contours extremities towards its center to define the feature. It helps the user to define easily the exact position of a feature. It may also reduce the time taken to establish feature correspondence between two images. For the second image morphing problem, this paper presents a new image warping algorithm which uses elastic body spline to generate a warp function that interpolates scattered data points. The spline is based on a Partial Differential Equation of Naiver that describes the equilibrium displacement of the elastic body objected to forces. It generates a smooth warp that reflects the feature correspondence points and has several advantages. It is efficient in smoothed interpolated morphed images with only a remarkably small number of feature points specified. Finally, we describe an efficient cross dissolve function to generate the in-between images. The in-between images could be defined by creating a new set of feature points through the cross-dissolving process.
1997-07-22

Image Metamorphosis based on Elastic Body Spline and Snake Model

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