Changes and recoveries of endocrine-vascular environments of the hypothalamus and the pituitary glands induced by long-standing vigorous smoking three-dimensional analysis of hormone producing cells and capillaries by confocal laser scanning microscopy

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The changes of hypothalamus and the pituitary glands caused by longstanding smoking and subsequent 2days resting were studied in the rats using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) combined with fluorescent vascular histochemistry (FVH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). After the vigorous smoking for 4 weeks, the rats were perfused with gelatin-FITC from the left ventricle of the heart. After the tissues were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA). Then the tissues were removed and further fixed in 4% PFA. The hypothalamus and pituitary glands were stained for ACTH in the pituitary glands and for CRF for hypothalamus. As results, the capillaries in the pituitary glands were thicker in diameter comparing to these in the control rats. ACTH cells were hypertrophic and laid on the capillaries suggesting hyperfunctioning state. In the hypothalamus, CRF positive nerve fibers were increased and were concentrated around the portal vein in the median eminence (ME). As a summary, the vigorous smoking induced hyperfunctioning state of CRF, ADH-ACTH axis together with vascular endothelial cell changes depicted by CLSM. It is also noteworthy that these changes are reversible by short resting, after the smoking.
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