軸対称管内の音波伝搬について

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The precise analysis of acoustical transmission systems based on the wave theory, in spite of its complexity and difficulty, provides fundamental information for designing acoustic devices and their elements, Many important acoustical transmission systems are of axially symmetric form, and one-dimensional wave equation has been widely used to analyze them. This equation is, however, only applicable in a low-frequency range where the wave fronts are slightly out of planeness. Since appropriate methods have not been devised yet, it has been used beyond the above-mentioned restriction and there come out various discrepancies between theoretical estimations and experimental results particularly on the high frequency side. Therefore it is desirable to establish a method which is widely applicable and highly accurate as well. In this paper, in an attempt to develop a desirable method, an axially symmetric tube with rigid wall is devided into many sections with vary in radius stepwise as shown in Fig. 1, to make an accurate analysis of its acoustic properties with due regard paid to higher order modes in each section. A few examples of the pressure distribution along the axis of the tube calculated by other methods of approximation as well as by the present one are illustrated in Fig. 3. Figs. 4 and 5 show the dependence of the sound field upon the frequency parameter k_<rM> and the ratio of cross sectional areas (r_M/r_1)^2 respectively. The effect of variation of the tube in radius on propagation of sound may be understood by refering to Figs. 6 and 7. Moreover, the relationship between the length of each section and the sound field is further discussed and shown in Fig. 8. The conclusions which can be derived from the results are summarized as follows: 1. When the tube varies in radius gradually, it reflects sound waves to a lesser amount, making the sound field monotonous. 2. On the high frequency side above the cut-off frequency of the (0, 1) mode in which k_<rM>>δ_1 (≒3. 832), the sound field is complicated and greatly different from that on the low frequency side. 3. The sound field calculated from one-dimensional equation may be used in the low frequency range where k_<rM><1. 4. The field calculated when the backward components except the (0, 0) mode are neglected and the tube is terminated with the characteristic impedance ρc of the (0, 0) mode may be effective up to k_<rM><2. 5. The field obtained by neglecting the interference between discontinuities gives fairly good approximation on the whole. 6. Local quantity like a sound field is more sensitive to the method of approximation than global quantities such as transmission and reflection coefficients.
社団法人日本音響学会の論文
1970-01-10

軸対称管内の音波伝搬について

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