インドの工業地域研究における視点

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India is a country having great problems such as population growth of jet plane speed, food shortage toward the hunger of the nation and bullock cart tempo of development in manufacturing industries. Aslo India is a country which has a deep root into the long established history; consequently, people rather feels it difficult to understand fully the depth of her culture and the tragedy on her history. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the industrialisation and its influence to a traditional region of India from the view point of the structural change on the population and the regional society. To start with, three major industrial regions in Eastern India and five indexes that are listed below have been selected for the present study. 1) Rapid growth of population. 2) Superiority of workers at manufacturing factories on an occupational structure. 3) Concentration of literate and educated people. 4) Unbalance of sex ratio. 5) Growth of Naya Bazar (New Market). The author clarified some important points in course of "Indian Study" of the industrial region as the result of this study. a) When once industrialisation starts at one particular region, its l..~0pulation reaches 5.7 times after 30 years of the original stage like Asansol-Durgapur area. b) Along with this tempo, 61 per cent of the worker goes to manufacturing factories every day, for example, in Jamshedpur, inspite of 70 per cent of the total worker in India works in the agricultural field. c) There are only 24 per cent of people who are educated up to the standard of basic education in India general, but in major industrial region in Eastern India 52 per cent of its residents are literate and educated. d) Generally speaking workers' welfare in India is very poor and they seldom have a good accomodation near their working places. So that only male worker can be concentrated in industrial regions. It is a great problem of unbalance of sex ratio which is very important factor to keep a regional society psychologically harmonious. e) Moreover industrial workers concentrated in the region from various places of India are gradualy divided into two some sort of social groups, namely high and low soceities which is evident m the progress on "old" and "new" markets at different places in the same one city. This is caused by regionalism of superiority comlpex for western Indian such as Rajasthani, Gujrati, Panjabee, Parsee, etc, Though in India some of industries like atomic energy, railway wagon manufacturing, shose products have reached high standards equal to those of advanced countries, the development of industrial region is being made just on the primary stage. It is clearly understood that the traditional caste system which has been the base for complex Indian society is being destroyed by the regional development of manufacturing industry. However, in modern India the regionalism followed by the social superiority complex is gaining power as a pattern of two social classes, namely upper and lower classes in newly developing industrial regions. And at the same time those two classes are backed up so strongly by the economic power of each class.
1968-06-01

インドの工業地域研究における視点

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