インド西ガーツ山地の核集落における商業機能の発展

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This paper aims to make a clear understanding on the development of commercial activities at the selected key settlements in the Western Ghats of South India. The major points of discussion were stressed upon the increase in number of shops and the factors which made possible the development of commercial activities in the sample study villages. The basic concepts applied to this study is the key settlements re-arranged by Cloke (1979) from the geographical points of view. The door to door interview method using a schedule was applied for the collection of basic information at each shop of two selected study villages. The field work was conducted at the sample villages from August 24 to September 30, 1982. The selected sample villages were those of (1) Kurubathur in Manjarabad taluk, Hassan district and (2) Naravi in Belthangadi taluk, Dhakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state. The random sampling method was employed to select the sample shops of which total counts 88; (1) Thirty samples from Kurubathur and fifty eight samples from Naravi. The major findings are summarized as follows: 1. The rapid increase in number of commercial functions including wholesale, retail and service, has begun since the beginning of 1970's at the sample village Naravi in particular. Most of the shop owners were the residents of sample villages. The increase in number of shops naturally resulted in the increase in variety of shops also. The evolution of shops in variety has reflected three developmental stages. In the first period (until the end of 1960's), shops for realizing a modernization of living standards has been well developed. Shops in place of the periodical market had rapidly increased in number in the second period in the former half of 1970's. The second phase of realizing a modernization of living standards had progressed in the latter half of 1970's. 2. The growth factors among newly coming-up commercial activities can be arranged in three categories; (1) The sub-factors for creating demand: (2) The sub-factors for stimulating the opening-willingness of shops: (3) The sub-factors by the development policy. 3. The sub-factors for creating demand were sub divided further into four minor factors which reflects the real scene in the sample villages; (1) The progress in public facilities such as a panchayat office, a primary health unit, a high school and a bank branch office: (2) The development of transport network with a nodal point in transportation: (3) The increase in agricultural labourers: (4) The development of beedi (the low quality of cigarette) works as a household industry. 4. The sub-factors for stimulating the opening-willingness of shops can be understood in the following six minor factors; (1) The orientation for establishing business by progress farmers: (2) The orientation for extra income by small farmers: (3) The immigrants from other villages with expecting good benefits from business: (4) The shifting from other occuption than business: (5) The succeeding to their father's business: (6) The joining to new business after leaving schools. 5. The sub-factors for the development policy of business can be realized through further three minor factors; (1) Increase in number of rented shop buildings through the panchayat office: (2) The progress of loan system for joining commercial activities: (3) The development of various loan system by the government for general economic development. The personal or consumption loan is one of the good examples to rejuvenate the monetary flow in a village. In conclusion, the commercial activities at the key settlements has been developed with the combined effects of various minor factors for making a growth of business since the beginning of 1970's in the Western Ghats of South India.
地理科学学会の論文

インド西ガーツ山地の核集落における商業機能の発展

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