達成動機の育成とその規定因 : 人格形成の経験的基礎

概要

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Both for theoretical and empirical reasons research on determinants of n-Ach (need for Achievement) has concentrated on the social conditions especially in the family. McClelland, D.C. and Friedman, G.A. (1952) have suggested that the number of experiences in ihdependent mastery, the age at which the training is given and the emotional accompaniments of the training are important conditions for the development of the achievement motive in the child. Winterbottom, M.R, (1958) has examined the above hypothesis and has reported the following findings : Children with strong n-Ach had mothers who expected earlier evidence of selfreliant behavior from their sons, gave more frequent and intense rewards when their sons were successful in these attempts, and placed fewer restrictions on the spontaneous efforts of their offspring toward independence. A follow-up study to the Winterbottom's report was made by the authors (1966) and similar findings came out. However, while the Winterbottom's study was concentrated ohly on boys, our. subjects showed sex differences in many respects. In a second study hy the authors (1967), the relation between birth order and n-Ach level was examined. There was significant c,orrelation between n-Ach level and the birth order both for boys and girls, i.e., the first born children tended to have higher n-Ach.
1969-03-30