一卵性双生児における性格差異と相互依存関係について

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Purpose : To grasp personality differences in identical twins who have been growing up in the so-called "same environment" (with no organic defect) in connection with their interdependent relationship. Subjects : 18 pairs of twins, aged about 12 years, all were pupils of the Middle School attached to Tokyo University. They consisted of 12 pairs of identical twins, 4 pairs of fraternal twins of the same sex and 2 pairs of fraternal twins of unlike-sex. Procedure : 1) The behavioral characteristics and the differences between the twins (A and B) of each pair and the behavioral characteristics of the whole were outlined by observing their behavior at school for about half a year and during summer camp for a week. 2) Various personality tests were given. The children were asked to rate both themselves and their twins. The ratings given by each pair of twins were compared to determine the degree of agreement in their responses. 3) Three series of problem-solving experiments were conducted with both twins, participating conditions were changed and frustrating situations were presented so that the author could observe the response patterns, attitudes toward the goals and interdependent relationships. Results and Conclusions : 1) Though the high degree of personality resemblance of identical twins has been emphasized, from the bio-social point of view, considerable differences in fundamental behavioral characteristics were found. 2) The results obtained from various personality tests indicated that there were some differences between the identical twins but these were not so largeas the differences found in fraternal twins. 3) In thinking about the causes of differences, the influence of their physical and physiological conditions must be considered. The writer observed that where large physical differences existed there were also greater personality differences.
1954-08-20

一卵性双生児における性格差異と相互依存関係について

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