CHARACTERISTICS OF BURIED HUMIC HORIZONS AT THE SHIIJI ARCHAEOLOGICAL PITS : V. Palynological Studies on Buried Humic Horizons

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As a part of the studies on he changes in the properties of soil organic matter with the time after burial, the pollen and spore fossils contained in the surface horizon and buried humic horizons derived from volcanic ash deposits collected from the archaeological ruins of Shiiji in Numazu, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, were determined. Based on the results of pollen analyses, the effects of vegetational successions and climatic changes on the surface horizon and buried humic horizons were analyzed. 1) The geohistorical succession of vegetation based on the diagram of pollen and spore fossils found in each sample is as follows: Sample No. 14 (ca. 26,000 years B.P.), No. 12 (ca. 22,000 years B.P.), and No. 10 (18,000 years B.P.): Grasslands predominated in these periods, and consisted mainly of such grasses as Artemisia, Gramineae, and Carduoideae. Needle-leaved tree forests composed mostly of Pinus, Abies, and Picea were also formed. Sample No. 8 (ca. 10,000 years B.P.) and No. 7 (6,040 years B.P.): During these periods, grasslands composed mainly of Gramineae, Artemisia, Carduoideae, and Cruciferae predominated and broadleaved tree forests composed of Castanea and Lepidobalanus were formed instead of the needleleaved tree forests found in sample Nos. 14 to 10. Sample No. 5 (4,500 years B.P.) and No. 3 (2,000 years B.P.): Grasslands composed mainly of Gramineae predominated. Broadleaved tree forests were also present as in sample Nos. 8 and 7. Sample No. 1 (present): Grasslands composed of Gramineae and Artemisia predominated, while needleleaved tree forests composed of Taxodiaceae and Pinus were also dominant. The vegetation types were similar to those found presently. 2) The climatic characteristics deduced from the vegetation found in each sample were as follows: Sample Nos. 14 to 10 were formed under cool temperate climatic conditions to subfrigid climatic conditions while sample Nos. 8 to 1 were formed under temperate climatic conditions. Sample No. 8 was formed during the period of climatic transition after the Late Wurm Glacial Period. 3) The climatic changes inferred from the vegetation corresponded to the fluctuations of the sea level along the Japanese coast. The total carbon contents of the soil samples changed in parallel with this sea level. The relationship between the amounts of Gramineae grains, expressed as percentage of total pollen and spore fossil grains, and the total carbon contents of the soil samples was not significant.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF BURIED HUMIC HORIZONS AT THE SHIIJI ARCHAEOLOGICAL PITS : V. Palynological Studies on Buried Humic Horizons

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