19. Molelcular mechanism of hard tissue morphogenesis
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概要
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骨や歯などの硬組織がどのようなメカニズムで形成されるかに関する知識は、骨の再生や歯の修復などの硬組織を研究するうえで、非常に重要である。そこで、本講演では、骨や歯の発生の分子メカニズムについて、最近の研究成果について述べる。1995年度のノーベル医学・生理学賞が、ショウジョウバエの研究に与えられた事が象徴するように、硬組織に関わらず、多くの組織の形態形成のメカニズムが分子レベルで解明されるにつれ、脊椎動物の形態形成のメカニズムも昆虫の形態形成のメカニズムも基本はほぼ同じではないかと考えられてきた。それは、骨形成誘導因子である BMP と相同な遺伝子が骨のないショウジョウバエにも存在し、デカペンタプレジック(dpp)とよばれていることからも示唆されている。特に、形態形成において重要なホメオボックス遺伝子群は、ショウジョウバエにおいて最初に発見され、ヒトにも同様に存在することが確認された。ヒトや昆虫の形態形成において最初に最初に登場する因子は、主にヘッジホッグ(hh)、ウント(wnt)、BMP、FGFの4種類の因子であり、これらの因子間のシグナルネットワークとホメオボックス遺伝子群の発現調節と相互作用により、様々な形態形成の基本が確立されることが示唆されている。我々はこのような因子を用いて、ニワトリ胚における第5肢の誘導や、指骨の誘導が可能であることを示し、また、同様な因子がマウスの歯の形態形成においても働いていることを示してきた。我々の研究を中心に硬組織形成の分子メカニズムについて話す予定である。
- 1998-10-04
著者
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Noji Sumihare
Department Of Biological Science And Technology Faculty Of Engineering The University Of Tokushima
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Noji Sumihare
Department Of Bioengineering Tokushima University Faculty Of Engineering
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