トマス・ホープリーの教育思想
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概要
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In this paper. the writer has attempted to clarify the educational thought of Thomas Hopley. Hopley was the accused of manslaughter in the legal case Regina v. Hopley (1860). which has been famous for being an archetype of legal cases of school corporal punishment in commentaries on the laws of England before its abolishment in 1986. And, he was imprisoned for 4 years'penal servitude by the court (July 23. 1860). Yet, why was he obliged to exercise corporal punishment and be imprisoned? Such a natural question cannot be answered fully, for we cannot find any study on the Hopley incident itself, especially his thought of education. in spite of its importance. Hopley had been famous for his theoretical and educational activities before the incident occurred. For example, The English Journal of Education (June 1. 1860) told of him as the following : "Mr. Hopley is something more than a mere pedagogue, he is an educationist in the full sense of the term." In fact, Hopley published many pamphlets on education as a series of his project "Plain and Simple Lectures on the Education of Man". And he had a grand plan to establish his "Model Educational Establishment" with a well-trained mistress for the performance of her motherly influence, as well as to establish the "Royal Educational Society". The most distinct character of his educational thought consisted in his interest in physiology. which was expected to clarify the laws of life. Education should restore the "perfect nature" ("Health") according to the laws of life, and make a contribution to "cleansing the country". Hopley's theory of education was a type of "bio-pouvoir" (Michel Foucault), which aimed at the "whole life of man", emphasizing the importance of the bodily exercise and health. The "bio-pouvoir", however, did not deny corporal punishment in general. In fact. Hopley vindicated his act, which put a boy aged 15 to death, as a deliberate and educational one based upon John Locke's view of corporal punishment. Locke permitted "Beatings" and even "Whipping" for children's "Stubbornness" and "Obstinacy" in his notorious book Some Thoughts concerning Education (§ 78).
- 2000-03-15
著者
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