死者の愉悦 : 土家族の葬送儀礼

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概要

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• The Tujia, one of 55 ethnic minority groups in China, has been considered to be thoroughly assimilated into Han culture. Many researchers point out that the Tujia have lost their own traditional culture as a result of the Sinicization process. Surely, they have converted their religion from traditional or animistic types to Chinese religions such as Taoism or Confucianism. In almost all villages of the Tujia dwelling area, Taoist priests, daosis, elaborately perform funeral rites reciting sutras for 2 or 3 nights to send the souls of the dead to the afterlife. In some areas where Confucian intellectuals have a great deal of influence, another type of funeral rite is performed by geshis, ceremonial singers. They chant classical types of Chinese poems all through the night walking around a coffin; the contents of these poems are related to the concept of filial piety to parents, as advocated by Confucianism. However, a quite different type of funeral from the two described above is found in isolated districts surrounded by deep mountains. In those areas, the funeral is called da sang gu, literally beating a drum. When people come together to keep vigil over a dead body, they enjoy singing and dancing, beating a drum all night. They sing not only elegies but also sexually obscene songs. Moreover, they sometimes find delight in performing funny dramas. The reason why they perform funeral rites in this enthusiastic fashion is that they consider that the deceased, who lived more than 60 years, should be blessed by the bereaved because he or she lived to a great age. Historical documents reveal that former generations of the Tujia had a custom similar to da sang gu in the era of the Sui dynasty. The Tujia have adopted new agricultural techniques and religious beliefs from the Han since the Qing era so that their lifestyle apparently cannot be differentiated from that of the Han. However, they have not completely abandoned their traditional customs like da sang gu even after having converted as Taoists or Confucianists. This complicated situation makes the Tujia culture glorious.

• 2003-10-28

著者

• 山路 勝彦

  関西学院大学

関連論文

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• 死者の愉悦 : 土家族の葬送儀礼
• 沖縄小離島村落における〈門中〉形成の動態 : 粟国島における父系親族系としての〈門中〉の若干の考察
• ブヌン族家族研究は今なお意味をもちうるか : 清水昭俊氏の書評に寄せて
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• 「文明化」への使命と「内地化」 : 台湾植民地官吏の実践
• 国家の教育,村の学校 : パプアニューギニア ナカナイ族の小学校(オセアニア近代史の人類学的研究 : 接触と変貌,住民と国家)
• 「梁山泊」の人類学,それとも? : 台北帝国大学土俗人類学研究室
• 台湾サオ族の儀礼的世界と認同の求心性
• AHERN, Emily M., The Cult of the Dead in a Chinese Village., California : Stanf. U. P. 1973, pp.280, $10.00

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