1960 年代-70 年代のアルジェリアにおけるイスラムの復興現象

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The islamic reform movement in Algeria was activized by Ibn Badis in the early period of the twentieth century. His reform movement played an important role in the formation of nationalism and in the independence struggle. After Independence (1962), the Algerian government employed a policy of modernization to realize rapid economic progress, while establishing the Arabic language and culture, and islam, as the foundations of national identity through the constitution. However, modernization implied a secularism which was inconsistent with the religious tendencies intended to extend the islamic values. This was the first conflict between the secularism of the state and islamism, that was revealed by the declaration in 1966 of the association of Al-Qiyam as illegal, and its subsequent dissolution in 1970 by the authorities, owing to the reason that its moral contestation was aggressive and dangerous to society. In anycase, there were to be found only a few violent contestations of the islamists against the government until the end of the 'seventies. However, from the 'eighties onwards, we have often witnessed violent protests of islamism, and conflict between the islamists and the police, and the important thing to remember is that their origins stem from the islamic resurgence and the social changes which were appearing in many different strata of society, accompanied by an infiltration of islamic ethics within the people, without however political or violent action, i.e. : The first point is that an amazing number of the mosques which were built by the ordinary people and the islamists. Of course, there were also many mosques were built by the government. But, the former are far more important due to the reason that they functioned as the base for the propagation of islamism. The second point is that the islamists served as imams on account of the shortage of official imams who were also not as competent as those of the islamists. The third is that the arabisation of education aggravated the fissure between the elite (francophon) and the masses (arabophon). The latter are poor, unemployed, and marginalized people. The fourth is that the explosive increase of the population caused the disruption of family solidarity, and the mosques and the associations usurped the position of the family in order to maintain the ties of social solidarity. The fifth is that the influence of european mass media, especially T. V. programs (featuring violence, sex, nudity etc.) damaged islamic values and brought to a crisis the problem of the cultural identitiy of the Algerians, and there was no structure that could contend against the crisis, except islamism and the mosques.
1992-12-26

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私市正年
上智大学アジア文化研究所

1960 年代-70 年代のアルジェリアにおけるイスラムの復興現象

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