GISを用いたメコン流域における飲用水起因下痢症リスク評価

概要

論文の詳細を見る
In the Mekong watershed, the lives of numerous children are lost as a result of waterborne infectious diseases. To achieve socioeconomic development in this region, it is necessary to construct a water utilization system that minimizes infectious risk on the basis of reliable risk evaluation. We have performed questionnaire surveys to clarify the types of drinking water available and detected bacteria that indicate fecal contamination in drinking water in Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand. The types of drinking water (i.e., tap water, bottled water, river water, well water and rainwater) available in the Mekong watershed depend on geographic conditions, such as access to a water supply and rivers, and household income. On the basis of the observed characteristics of water utilization, a risk evaluation model for waterborne infectious diseases was developed using a geographical information system (GIS). In the model, the watershed was divided into a 1-km2 grid, and the types of drinking water available were determined in each grid cell. The prevalence of contamination with indicator bacteria in each type of drinking water was also estimated on the basis of the results of field surveys. It was estimated that 12 million cases of diarrhea occur annually in the Mekong watershed. To reduce the number of diarrhea cases, it was effective to promote the use of rainwater for drinking in the rural area.
社団法人　日本水環境学会の論文
2007-11-10