Large Isotope Effects in Tunneling Chemical Reactions

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概要

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• Our studies on the isotope effects in tunneling reactions are autoreviewed. Large isotope effects are observed in tunneling reactions, which take place by passing through the potential energy barrier for a reaction. A very large isotope effect more than 3×104 was obtained in tunneling reactions H(D)+H2(D2) in γ-rays-irradiated solid hydrogen at 4.2 K, though there is no isotope effect in a hot atom reaction. The isotope effect on H2 or D2 detachment from a 2,3-dimethylbutane cation, produced by γ-radiolysis, amounts to a very large value of 1.7×104 at 77 K that indicates a tunneling detachment of a hydrogen molecule. The tunneling reaction of tritium atoms, produced by a 3He(n,p)T reaction, with H2 or D2 in liquid helium at 1.3 K shows a large isotope effect of 150. A large isotope effect (≥20–50) was observed in the tunneling reaction of vitamin C and the long-lived protein radicals in biological systems. It is concluded that large isotope effects caused by a tunneling reaction play a role in radiation chemistry, a nuclear fusion technology and radiation biology.

• 一般社団法人 日本原子力学会の論文
• 2002-04-25

著者

• Miyazaki Tetsuo

  Department Of Applied Chemistry Graduate School Of Engineering Nagoya University

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• Temperature effect on decay of ions and radicals in supercooled liquids as studied by pulse radiolysis and .GAMMA.-radiolysis: 1-propanol and ethanol.
• Energy Transfer in the Radiolysis of Neopentane-Alkane Mixture in the Solid Phase at 77 K
• Luminescence from 2,3-Dimethylbutane Containing Toluene in the Solid Phase at 77°K during γ-Irradiation
• The channeling of hot H atoms in the radiolysis and photolysis of crystalline alkane.
• Excitation Transfer in the Radiolysis of Solid Alkane Mixtures at 77 K
• The Migration of the Exciton in the Radiolysis of Alkanes
• Effect of Phase on Hot Hydrogen Atom Abstraction Reaction with Solid Isobutane as Studied by Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
• Mechanism of High-energy-induced Luminescence of Solid 2,3-Dimethylbutane Containing Toluene at 77 K
• Selective hydrogen atom abstraction by hydrogen atoms in photolysis and radiolysis of alkane mixtures at 77 K.
• The Role of Reaction Sites in the Radiolysis of Solid Succinic Acid
• Selective formation of solute radicals in the radiolysis of neopentane-cyclopentane mixtures at 4 and 77K as studied by capillary gas chromatography and ESR spectroscopy.
• The characteristic behavior of recoil tritium atom in solid neopentane at 77K. The application of a hot zone model.
• The trapping and release of injected hydrogen isotopes in vitreous silica.
• Isotope effect on hydrogen atom abstraction reaction by recoil t atoms in solid n-C10D22-n-C10H22 mixtures. Comparison of recoil t atoms with D atoms in .GAMMA.-radiolysis.
• Effect of Phase on Excitation Transfer in the Radiolysis of Isobutane

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