繊維生産縮小期における紡績大企業の立地変動 : Multi-Plant Enterpriseにおける工場閉鎖(中井健一先生退官記念)
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概要
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Multi-Plant Enterprises close their old factories or found their new ones in many places according to their strategies on plant location. Large companies of Japanese spinning industry have many factories within the country. In the last thirty years, they have carried out various reorganization of plant location such as reduction of their factories' number or size, overseas location and expansion of production except textile products. The domestic production by largest nine spinning companies, which are the object of this paper, reached its peak on the beginning of 1970s like whole textile production in Japan. Large spinning companies began overseas production earlier than the other industries in Japan and these companies had established some overseas leading factories mainly in Latin America before the beginning of 1970s. For thirty years after that, Japanese textile industry declined remarkably in consequence of the competition with foreign countries. The locational change of above-mentioned large spinning companies in this period can be classified into some groups. Three companies, Toyobo, Kanebo and Yunichika, which had most factories on 1970, decrease their factories and workers remarkably before the end of 1990s As a result, factory agglomeration area of each company has become indistinct and isolated large factories have relatively gained increasing importance. Kanebo expanded overseas location and the production except textile products at the same time of pushing forward with deconglomeration. Yunichika reduced the domestic distribution area of his factories and decreased his overseas factories. Toyobo, which was the largest spinning company in 1970, have carried forward the intermediate change between Kanebo and Yunichika. Nisshinbo and Kurabo, which rank next to above-mentioned three companies in number of factories, progressed their locational change in their own way. These two companies increased their domestic factories and expanded the distribution area of their factories toward the eastern part of Japan, changing the traditional pattern of spinning factories' location-main agglomeration area had been two metropolitan regions of Nagoya and Osaka. Besides, Nisshinbo and Kurabo have rapidly expanded overseas location and the production except textile products. The other four companies did not have a great influence in the locational change of the whole spinning industry in Japan, because they had not so many factories. Nittobo did not decrease so remarkably his factories expanding the production except textile products. Such behaviour is similar to Nisshinbo's to some extent. The other three companies reduced the domestic distribution area of their factories and their overseas production was done only in the field of textile. In conclusion, we are able to find out the two types on the locational change of large spinning companies. Toyobo represent the general tendency of behaviour of large spinning companies in Japan decreasing textile production and increasing the production of the other departments gradually. On the other side, Nisshinbo progressed his own behaviour moderating the decrease of textile production and accerelating the increase of production of machinery, chemicals and paper.
- 岐阜大学の論文
- 2001-02-25
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