バーラテーンドゥ・ハリシュチャンドラの文学観 : ヒンディー文学における功利主義的文学観とその限界(文学編)
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概要
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The name of Bharatendu Harishcandra (1850-85) has been always blessed in the history of modern Hindi literature for his great contribution to the formation of a new Hindi prose style which is still in general use among Hindi writers without substantial modifications. He was also one of the first Hindi writers who became interested in some serious social problems of their days and tried to awaken a public interest in them through both writing and various social activities. In a sense, he has supplied for later writers a model of an ideal literary man devoting himself to the progress of literature and the welfare of people. After squandering the large fortune inherited from his father in both literary and social activities, he died at the early age of thirty-four years and a few months in somewhat narrow circumstances. But today he has few readers outside the narrow and limited circle of men of letters. Various explanations could be offered as to this apparently peculiar situation: the high rate of illiteracy among people because of the insufficient spread of education, the poverty which makes it impossible for people to buy books, the general indifference of the middle classes towards literature etc. But the most reasonable explanation may be that his works are not interesting enough to captivate today's readers except a few critics. I myself cannot help feeling iscontented with his works as a reader. And that is the same kind of dissatisfaction I usually feel when I read some other works of modern Hindi literature. An attempt has been made in the present paper to prove that this dissatisfaction of mine comes from the Indian writers' attitude towards literature and that this attitude, in other words thier view of literature, is inherent in the Indian literary tradition itself. For them the raison d'etre of literature lies in its concrete contribution to the welfare of society. Thiscanbe called a kind of "utilitarianism" of literature, which has been regulating both the consciousness of Hindi writers and the contents of their works. But this "utilitarianism" seems to have its own limitations. It makes writers avoid depicting those elements which, they think, may possibly exert an undesirable influence on the public and may stand in the way of the fulfilment of their end. This "self-censorship" makes it impossible for them to write things as they are. This is the true reason for the total absence of realism in modern Hindi literature.
- 大阪外国語大学の論文
- 1990-09-20
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関連論文
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