名古屋市における主婦の日常活動 : 時間利用と外出行動との関連を中心に

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify how housewives organise their daily activities and to describe the situations in which travel behavior occur throughout the day. Recent development in spatial choice study calls for the need to understand the context in which spatial choices are made, as well as the examined choices in themselves. This is because it can help us to explain multiple-choice and multi-purpose behavior if we assume temporal variability of the choice set in the spatial choice process. When the foci of spatial choice research are widened to include the preceding and succeeding activities of the observed behavior, such analysis is approaches to that of travel-activity. But this approach usually neglects the analysis of activities done in the residences. Thus in this paper the author attempts to deal with the whole days activities including the activities done in the residences. Furthermore, by introducing the project concept in time-geography, we can interpret the whole days activities not as an aggregation of separate episodes, but as a unity.Data used for the analysis consists of four-week travel diatries and time-use records reported by 27 housewives living in Nagoya City. The data were collected during November and December in 1981. The time-use data was encoded according to Szalais method, and the destinations of trips in the travel diaries were plotted into a mesh (1×1km) and classified into three locational categories. After eliminating the inadequate records, 732 cases form the data set.The data was analysed in three stages: 1) Identification of types of time-use in the whole days activities of housewives, 2) Description of the context of the travel occuring in a day, 3) Consideration of how different types are arranged in the successive 28 days.The results obtained through the analysis are as follows:1) By reducing the time-use data into five activities (labor at home, labor outdoors, sleep, leisure at home, leisure outdoors) and grouping the cases using the hierarchal cluster method, six types of time-use were found. These are:Type A: spending much time in leisure outdoors.Type B: spending much time in labor outdoors.Type C: spending some time in labor outdoors.Type D: spending some time in leisure outdoors.Type E: spending much time in leisure at home.Type F: spending much time in labor at home.2) To consider the travel activities in relation to the situations and the types identified above, three aspects of travel activities were highlighted. They were characteristics of travel, context of travel and places where the housewives do the activities during the travel. Travel in each type of time-use have the following features:Type A: a large number of cycles, many multi-purpose trips, outdoors from 9:00 to 20:00, many leisure trips to‘other area’and‘own area’.Type B: a large number of cycles, few multi-purpose trips, outdoors from 8:00 to 17:30, many work trips to‘own area’and‘center’.Type C: a large number of cycles, few multi-purpose trips, outdoors from 10:30 to 17:00, many housework trips to‘own area’.Type D: a large number of cycles, many multi-purpose trips, outdoors from 9:00 to 17:00, many leisure trips to‘own area’and‘other area’.Type E: a small number of cycles, few multi-purpose trips, outdoors from 11:00 to 11:30 and from 17:00 to 17:30, housework trips to‘own area’.Type F: a small number of cycles, few multi-purpose trips, outdoors from 16:30 to 17:00, housework trips to‘own area’.3) Weekly regularity in the permutation of the six types within four weeks was found. Differences in the emergences of the six types by job status were also observed, but interpersonal variances within the same status were more conspicuous.
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名古屋市における主婦の日常活動 : 時間利用と外出行動との関連を中心に

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