Surveillance of susceptibility of clinical isolates of various bacterial species to antibacterial agents. No. 1. Against Gram-positive cocci isolated in 1996.:No.1 against Gram-positive cocci isolated in 1996

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• We used agar-dilution MIC determinations to assess the activity of 41 antibacterial agents against various clinical isolates (19 Gram-positive cocci, 920 strains), which were isolated in 1996 at 16 facilities in Japan, and compared the results with those of similar studies in 1992 and 1994. We found that 60.4% of the strains of <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> were methicillin-resistant <I>S. aureus</I> (MRSA). This high level frequency was equivalent to those found in 1992 and 1994. Vancomycin (VCM), arbekacin (ABK) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (ST) proved to have the highest antibacterial activity against these MRSA with an MIC<SUB>90</SUB> of less than 1.56μg/ml. The agants which showed higher antibacterial activity against <I>Staphylococcus epidermidis</I> were VCM, ABK and minocyclin (MIC<SUB>90</SUB>≤1.56μg/ml). Most of the agants tested, includingβ-lactam antibiotics, demonstrated good antibacterial activity against <I>Streptococcus pyogenes</I> and <I>Satreptococcus agalactiae</I>. The rate of penicillin-resistant <I>Streptococcus pneumoniae</I> (PRSP) was 38.6%, which was equivalent to those rates reported in 1992 and 1994. We noted that carbapenems, VCM, cefpirome, cefditoren and cefcapene displayed a high level of antibacterial activity against PRSP (MIC<SUB>90</SUB>≤0.39μg/ml). Also the agents which showed higher antibacterial activity against <I>Enterococcus faecalis</I> were ampicillin, ST, VCM and imipenem (MIC<SUB>90</SUB>≤3.13μg/ml), while VCM proved to have the highest antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecium with an MIC<SUP>90</SUP> of 0.78μg/ml. Finally, we found no strain highly resistant to VCM among any of the isolates of Gram-positive cocci tested including MRSA and <I>Enterococcus</I> species.

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