Learning Strategies ::A Review From the Perspective of the Relation Between Learning Phases

概要

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Because it is often not possible to understand someone's explanation by listening to it only one time, it is generally helpful, in order to deepen one's understanding, to prepare for an explanation and to review relevant materials. Effective learning may consist of pre- and post-learning phases, in addition to the actual receipt of the new material. From that viewpoint, learning can be considered to be the continuum of those 3 phases. From the perspective of these phases of learning, previous studies of learning strategies can be divided into the following types : (a) studies in which use of learning strategies was examined regardless of learning phase, that is, the learning phase was not specified, (b) studies in which the phase was specified, and (c) studies that showed the effect of one phase on another. The present paper reviews the published literature in this area, concluding that the previous studies provided insufficient information on the relations between learning phases. Prospects for future research on learning strategies were discussed, and the academic and practical significance of this work was described.