A case of non-small cell lung cancer arising in the contralateral lung 5 years after successful combined chemotherapy with thoracic radiation for limited-stage small cell lung cancer

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Here, we report the case of a 63-year-old man who developed recurrent squamous cell carcinoma in the contralateral lung 5 years after successful chemotherapy and thoracic radiation for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Chest computed tomography performed at the current admission revealed a pulmonary nodule approximately 16 mm in diameter in the left lower lobe. Positron emission tomography revealed the uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose by the nodule. The serum progastrin-releasing peptide level was within the normal limits. We diagnosed the patient with non-SCLC, and performed left basal segmentectomy with hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed squamous cell lung carcinoma. Two years after surgery, the patient was in good health with no episode of recurrence. Careful follow-up is necessary for patients with SCLC who survive for longer periods in order to detect recurrence.