Evaluation of Filtration Properties in Membrane Filtration of O/W Emulsion Based on Upward Dead-End Constant Pressure Filtration

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Downward and upward membrane filtration experiments under constant pressure conditions were conducted for O/W emulsion using a dead-end filter, and filtration behaviors were compared. In downward filtration, the Ruth plot, in which the reciprocal filtration rate was plotted against the filtrate volume per unit membrane area, was obtained as an upward convex curve, while it showed a linear relationship in upward filtration in accordance with the Ruth filtration rate equation. In view of the difference in filtration behavior between the two filtration methods and the density contrast between the oil droplet and continuous phase, it was anticipated that the filter cake exfoliation occurred in downward filtration. The infinite average specific cake resistance was calculated from the experimental results of flux decline behaviors, assuming that the solid mass of filter cake increases in direct proportion to the filtrate volume. The specific resistance in downward filtration became smaller with the progress of filtration due to the exfoliation of filter cake. In contrast, the specific resistance in upward filtration remained virtually constant and was considerably larger than that in downward filtration. The value obtained in upward filtration was considered to be the true value that was uninfluenced by the exfoliation of filter cake. It was therefore concluded that the upward dead-end filtration test is quite effective for evaluation of filtration properties in membrane filtration of O/W emulsion.

Evaluation of Filtration Properties in Membrane Filtration of O/W Emulsion Based on Upward Dead-End Constant Pressure Filtration

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