言語行動の発達-2-

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概要

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• Non-imitative linguistic utterances of 16 one-year-old Japanese children, which were recorded by their mothers using the time-sampling technique (5 successive days, 30min. a day), were analysed. Among the total of 16 children, 8 were 1; 0-1; 3 (the first half period) and the remaining were 1; 7-1; 11 (the latter half period) of age. The number of boys and of girls was equated in each group. Two major aspects of speech were studied independently: 1) Syntactical structures of speech; 2) Interpersonal-instrumental functions. Tentative conclusions are as follows:I Syntactical structures of speech. 1) The number of utterances increases quickly in. the latter half period of the second year; 2) The fact depends on the increment of word-chain utterances; 3) The length of word-chain utterances extends enormously in the latter half period; 4) The constituents of Japanese sentences can be syntactically classified into two kinds of "minimal free forms", namely, "content words" and "clitics". Clitics are usually used in order to make a complete Japanese sentence. The word-chain utterances of children in the first half period of the second year of life involve many of those utterances which consist of the mosaic arrays of content words only. But in the latter half period, some clitics appear and the formation of syntactical structure is now undertaken; 5) In this period, there appears some "modifier-modified" relation between content words which are temporally contiguous with each other; 6) The "baby-talk" begins to give way to the "adult language" towards the latter half period. This phenomenon may be intimately related to the formation of sentences, because "little language" are agrammatical and asyntactical in nature.II Interpersonal-instrumental functions. 7) "Mands" are dominant in the second year period, and toward the latter half period they still increase; 8) "Action-cues" decrease toward the latter half period; 9) A "Mand" has a social function but an "action-cue" has not, and so, social utterances are said to increase toward the latter half period; 10) Gestures which are indispensable on the part of the hearer to understand the "meanings" of the given utterances, decrease in the latter half period; 11) "Demonstratives" are lacking in the first half period, whereas in the latter half period, some of them, especially denoting "thing itself;" or "place" which lie in a short distance from the speaker (in English, "this" and "here"), are uttered rather frequently; 12) The utterances of those absent "here" and "now" in the first half period are all concerned with those which are related to a gastro-intestinal drive. But in the latter half period, there appear beside them the utterances of "bland" which are not related to that drive, and also some "reports" of past events, of nonexistent things, and of those imagined or intended.

• 公益社団法人 日本心理学会の論文

著者

• 村田 孝次

  大阪市立大学

関連論文

• 1才児Mの談話習得過程 : 5.発達2
• 言語行動の発達III : 要求発語の言語形式ならびに機能の初期発達過程
• 1才児の談話習得過程 : 日本教育心理学会第2回総会報告 : 研究発表要旨および討論の概要 : 発達II
• 言語行動の発達-2-
• 育児語の研究--幼児の言語習得の一条件として
• 言語行動の発達--1才児Kの談話における文
• 選択学習に及ぼす言語罰の効果

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