The electric birefringence and dichroism of a nonlinear optical compound, 4-[2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl]-1-ethylpyridinium iodide, in the presence of poly(p-styrenesulfonate) and poly(L-.ALPHA.-glutamate) in solutions.

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The pulsed electric birefringence at 633 nm and dichroism at 462 nm of the title cationic compound (DAES) were measured at 20 °C over a wide electric field strength range (0.1–24 kV cm−1) in the presence of poly(p-styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) and poly(L-α-glutamate) (PGA) in aqueous solutions at various mixing ratios (P/D) of the polymer to the ligand. The steady-state electric birefringence δ of NaPSS–DAES complexes was positive, while that of NaPSS was negative. The optical anisotropy factor of bound DAES was responsible for the sign reversal. The reduced electric dichroism of NaPSS–DAES at a P/D of 1.9 was +0.38 at infinitely high fields. A value of ±50° was found for the average angle between the orientation axis of the complex and the direction of the optical transition moment at 462 nm of bound DEAS chromophores. No appreciable permanent dipole moment was present in any of the NaPSS–DAES systems. The field orientation was due mostly to counterion-induced moments. The rotational relaxation time was determined from the decay signals. For PAG–DAES and PGA at pH 6.4 and 4.1, the sign of δ was always positive, the magnitude differing from each other by only 10–20%.
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