The oxidation activity and acid-base properties of Co3O4-V2O5 and Co3O4-MoO3 systems.
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The acidity and basicity of Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>–V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> and Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>–MoO<SUB>3</SUB> systems, with different compositions, were measured by means of the adsorption of NH<SUB>3</SUB>, pyridine, and CO<SUB>2</SUB>. The values of acidity were also confirmed by studying the catalytic activity for acid-catalyzed reactions, such as the dehydration of isopropyl alcohol and the isomerization of 1-butene. With the addition of V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> or MoO<SUB>3</SUB>, the basicity rapidly decreases and the acidity gradually increases. The catalytic activity for the oxidation of hexane is well correlated with the basicity of the catalysts. With the Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>-rich catalysts, V/(Co+V) or Mo/(Co+Mo)<0.4, butadiene is mainly oxidized to CO<SUB>2</SUB>; the rate is also correlated to the basicity. However, the Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>-poor catalysts, V/(Co+V) and Mo/(Co+Mo)>0.6, show a good selectivity for the maleic anhydride formation. The Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>-containing catalysts, regardless of the composition, are not effective for the selective oxidation of butene to butadiene. In the oxidation of methanol, the Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>-rich catalysts give only CO<SUB>2</SUB>. However, with the Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>-poor catalysts, formaldehyde is almost the sole product. It is concluded that the catalytic behavior is to be interpreted, to a considerable extent, in terms of the acid-base properties of the metal oxides.
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