IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN URINARY STAINS BY THE URIC ACID/CREATININE QUOTIENT AND HPLC CHROMATOGRAM

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Humans and great apes do not possess urate oxidase (uricase) : hence, uric acid (UA) is the main end product of purine metabolism in these species. Based on the facts described above, a single determination of UA has been widely used for identification of human urinary stains. However, Dalmatians excrete a large amount of UA because the reuptake of UA in urinary tubuli is disturbed in dogs. Fecal stains of birds usually contain a large amount of UA since it is their final product of protein metabolism. Therefore, the single determination of UA is not reliable for identification of human urinary stains. To establish a more reliable method, creatinine (Cre) was chosen as an indicator of the concentration of urinary components. Simultaneous determinations of UA and Cre were carried out in experimentally prepared stains of human and animal urine; human body fluids along with feces of birds were performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) . The UA /Cre quotients in human urinary stains were 0.61-2.19 (mean±standard deviation, 1.06±0.32), whereas those in other mammals including Dalmatians were under 0.44, and those in fecal stains of birds were over 15. Stains of other human body fluids tested gave extremely small peaks of UA and Cre on HPLC chromatograms; the quotients were over 4.0. From the results obtained, it is reasonable to assume that human urinary stains give values of between 0.5 and 2.5 of the UA/Cre quotients, and that stains with such values are urinary stains of humans or great apes. The present method requires only a small amount of stains, approximately 5 by 5 mm, and conventional HPLC. Since this method is simple, reliable and inexpensive, it would seem to be useful for forensic science practice.

IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN URINARY STAINS BY THE URIC ACID/CREATININE QUOTIENT AND HPLC CHROMATOGRAM

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