シゾフィランのマウス実験的結核症に対する抗結核効果

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Schizophyllan (SPG) is a polysaccharide obtained from the culture fluid of Schizophyllum commune, and its fundamental structure is β-1, 3 linked glucan as shown in Figure 1. Its molecular weight is estimated to be about 50, 000. This substance does not exhibit any anti-microbial effect in vitro, however, it has been already indicated by Komatsu et al., that its intraperitoneal application elongate the life span of mice experimentally infected with coli bacilli, pseudomonas, fungus, tubercle bacilli and so on. Such phenomena are explained as follows, that is, SPG would probably stimulate the reticuloendothelial system of the hosts and enhance their antimicrobial activity. As we have proved the antituberculous effect of SPG in vivo as previously reported, our objects of these animal experiments are to clarify that such antituberculous effect of SPG is due to its special character, differently from the substances as Glycogen, Drakeol or Zymosan, and 0to find the most favorable administration conditions of SPG to show its antituberculous effect. Experimental methods are presented in the following figures. The results of our experiments are as follows: Experiment 1. Comparison of survival effects of intraperitoneal administration of SPG, Glycogen and Drakeol in the mice experimentally infected with tubercle bacilli (Fig.2). Intraperitoneal administration of SPG, Glycogen or Drakeol enhance the activity of intraperitoneal macrophage (i. e. phagocytic activity and hydrolysis enzyme activity). If the antimicrobial action of SPG is due to this phenomenon, Glycogen and Drakeol are also expected to show similar antituberculous effect. However, neither Glycogen nor Drakeol revealed in vivo any antituberculous effect in the same dosage as that of SPG. Experiment 2-1. Comparison of antituberculous effect of SPG with Zymosan (Fig.3). Since SPG is a high molecular polysaccharide, we compared the antituberculous effect of SPG and other high-molecular polysaccharides, Zymosan, which increases the lysosomal enzymes of macrophages. However as to Zymosan, no antituberculous effect could be proved at all either in the intraperitoneal or intramuscular application. Experiment 2-2 (Fig. 3) and Experiment 3 (Fig.4). The relationship between antituberculous effect of SPG and its dosage. In these experiments we attempted to clarify whether the antituberculous effect of SPG increases in proportion to its dosage. The effect of SPG was indeed strengthened with the increase of dasage, but its degree was not so high. Experiment 4. The relationship between inoculated dose of tubercle bacilli and survival effect of SPG in experimental mice tuberculosis (Fig. 5 and 6). If the dose of inoculated tubercle bacilli is too high, no significant effect is seen both in treated and untreated groups. This is probably due to the rather weak antituberculous effect of SPG. If the inoculation dose is within certain range, however, surviving bacilli in the groups treated with SPG are apparently smaller in number than those in untreated groups. And in the groups inoculated with too small dose of bacilli, the difference in survival time of hosts between treated and untreated groups becomes insignificant again, suggesting that the defense mechanism of the hosts is strong enough to suppress the bacilli without SPG. In the group administered SPG prior to inoculation of tubercle bacilli, there was seen some prolongation effect of survival time of mice due to the enhancement of the host's deffensive ability, but this effect did not last so long, but transient after administration.
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シゾフィランのマウス実験的結核症に対する抗結核効果

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