蔬菜の養分欠乏症状-2-
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概要
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Experiments were carried out in order to clarify deficiency symptoms of nutrient elements on toma-toes, radishes, cabbages and onions in solution and sand cultures. The results are as follows: Nitrogen deficiency : Plants were dwarfed, and had small, yellowish green leaves. In radishes andd cabbages, red color was intensified due to develop-ment of anthocyan pigments. Roots were white and healthy. Phosphorus deficiency: Plants were dwarfed and rather thin. Leaves were small and dark green; anthocyan pigments had developed in cabbages ;pnd radishes. In tomatoes, petioles of young leaves attached to stem with narrow angles, and leaflets curved to under side. Roots were poor in growth, and reddish brown. Potassium deficiency Early growth was not so affected, but in later stage, especially after the symptoms had appeared, growth was drastically checked. In cabbages and radishes, margin of older leaves had turned to grayish brown and dried out. Younger leaves were progressively affected and lower leaves had dropped off. In onion, interveinal area of outer leaves turned to brown color, longi-tudinally, and later, leaf tips withered and dried up. In tomatoes, potaiium deficient plants were small, but did not reveal any specific symptoms. Calcium deficiency In tomatoes, stem tips were dead; elongation of stem had consequently ceased; lower leaves curled upwards. In other crops plants had been dwarfed, but no specific symptoms were observed. Magnesium deficiency: Early growth 'of magne-sium deficiency plants were excellent as well as that of normal plants. In the later stage, yellow patches had developed between large veins of lower leaves. In tomatoes, petiole of lower leaves attached to stem with very wide angles. In cabbages, older leaves abscissed prematurely. In onions, no specific symptoms had developed, but plants feeled rather soft. After deficiency symptoms had developed, plant growth was seveereiy retarded. Sulphur deficiency: Lower leaves turned to slightly lighter color. Red pigments had developed in veins of tomatoes. In onions, plants were dwaf-ed without any specific symptoms. Iron deficiency: Interveinal portions of young leaves turned to yellow, while narrow portions along veins remained green. Later, young leaves turned to pale yellow; at first leaf size was not so affected, but later, growth had been severely che-cked. Boron deficiency: Stem tips of tomatoes had died. In onions, growth was poor, but did not developed any specific` symptoms. Deficiency symptoms of manganese, zinc, copper and molybdenum were not developed in this expe-riment which may be due to the impurities, contain-ed in sand, chemicals or water used. It seems that some specific treatments on them shall be necessary for the study of such minor elements. Cabbage plants of different treatments were ana-lized for their inorganic constituents. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur contents of nitrogen, phosphorus' and sulphur, deficient plants respecti-vely were low, while potassium, magnesium and calcium contents of potassium, magnesium, and calcium deficient plants respectively were signifi-cantly low. The latter three elements may be not so much essential for plant growth as the former three elements. After the contents of the former dropped to'or below the critical levels, physiological functions may be distinctly affected. Calcium, bofon, and iron dificiency symptoms had developed at the younger portion, while the ones of the other elements at the older portions. It seems that these elements may not be easily mobilized from older parts to younger parts as other elements.
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