環境に由来する飲料水質汚染リスクの事後的マネジメント

スポンサーリンク

概要

• 論文の詳細を見る

• This study provides ex post risk management system on municipal water, which is faced with stochastic environmental contamination. Water contamination is caused by, for example, detrimental organic compound derived from soil and underground water and germ from stockbreeding. We have difficulty in predicting occurrences, probabilities and severity of such contaminations. For this sort of contamination risk, ex ante risk management system by regulation and protection is limited in effectiveness, because such unpredictable features prevent the relevant control bodies from internalizing the externality of pollution in advance. Therefore, complementary ex post risk management measure is thought to be needed.Cost which becomes obvious afterward is classified into three categories. The first is the consumer cost: the cost of recovering the damage of health and restriction on water use. The second is the firm cost: the cost of building a purifier and compensating for people in polluted area. The last is the public cost: the cost of taking measures for the contamination caused by natural phenomena or unspecified sources.Our goal in this paper is to examine risk sharing system for the recovering costs of municipal water contamination and to consider its implication from the point of view of efficiency in resource allocation.According to “Polluter Pays Principle”, the cost of consumer could be converted into the second-type cost; if a polluter is specified, the polluter should compensate for the consumers losses. However, if the polluter is not be able to specified because of complexity of exposure route or causal relationship between detrimental factors, governmental body may need to give them financial assistance. Thus, we develop the model of risk sharing systems for these costs; a kind of pollution insurance system for regional public sectors which supply municipal water.In the model based on the contract theory, optimal condition for the insurance contract are investigated, which determine the rule for efficient level of insurance and investment level in purification system. Applying the standard analytical process for the asymmetric information to the model, we have an implication that the investment level for purification system and insurance distributed could be supplied excessively when the level of contamination at each region is private information of the regional body. The conditions which cause the oversupply of the system and the allocation of insurance are interpreted that the system is thought to be effective against the contamination. Moreover, the incentive for the regional bodies to offer the overestimated level of the contamination could be interpreted as inevitable when the predictability of the occurrence of contamination is limited due to its stochastic nature. Considering that the inefficiency associated with the contamination risk sharing system could be serious, the efficiency of the risk sharing system should be compared with the implication of other ex post allocation systems.

著者

• 萩原 清子

  東京都立大学都市研究所

• 朝日 ちさと

  財団法人日本システム開発研究所

関連論文

• 都市における地震災害リスク認知の特性と水辺空間活用に関する研究 : 東京都区部を事例として
• 都市住宅地域の緑において好感される「自然らしさ」と手入れの関係に関する考察(平成17年度日本造園学会全国大会研究発表論文集(23))
• 都市内緑地における有機性廃棄物の還元可能性に関する考察(平成17年度日本造園学会全国大会研究発表論文集(23))
• 循環型社会形成のための取り組み事例における多視点・多基準・多主体の扱いに関する考察 : ―東京都特別区の行政評価を事例として―
• 都市の水辺空間における防災・減災性を考慮した環境評価に関する研究 : 東京都特別区を事例として
• 都市の水辺環境創出計画方法論に関する研究
• 都市域における水辺の環境評価
• 認識データを用いた水辺の環境評価
• 潜在変数を考慮した水辺利用行動選択モデルの環境評価への適用
• 都市の居住環境における緑量評価 - 緑視率の目標水準について -
• 排出許可証取引制度を応用した流域単位の水質管理システム
• 安全意識調査による水質リスクの経済的評価
• 水道水におけるリスク評価に関する一考察
• 環境に由来する飲料水質汚染リスクの事後的マネジメント
• 政策立案支援のための多基準分析による評価手法に関する考察 : 家庭からの剪定枝葉等回収システムを事例として
• 拡大生産者責任(EPR)による廃棄物処理政策に関する一考察

もっと見る 閉じる

スポンサーリンク