Expression of Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans in the Developing Retina and Kainic Acid-Induced Retinopathy in ICR Mice

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The aim of this study was to determine the developmental changes of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (PGs), decorin, biglycan and fibromodulin, in ICR mice retina and to elucidate their role in the adult retina using kainic acid (KA)-induced retinal degeneration model. Retinas of prenatal, postnatal and adult mice were collected for histological and immunohistochemical staining to investigate the changes in distribution of these PGs. Decorin and fibromodulin immunostaining was diffusely distributed at prenatal and early postnatal stages and was stronger in the adult retina. However, biglycan was moderately distributed in the prenatal and early postnatal stages and was faint in the adult retina. Retinas were collected at 1, 3 and 7 days after intravitreal injection of KA. Retinas of KA injected eyes underwent shrinkage accompanied by serious damage in the inner layers. Decorin and fibromodulin were upregulated in the inner retinal layers of KA-injected eyes compared to the normal ones. Our results suggest that decorin and fibromodulin play a role in retinal differentiation, and contribute to the retinal damage and repair process. However, biglycan may have no or only a limited role in the mouse retinal development or repair process.