天然での有害無機陰イオンの挙動とマネージメント

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The contamination of groundwater with dissolved cationic chemical species such as Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb has been an important concern in the past. Dissolved anionic species such as As has received a more important focus due to its prevalence in West Bengal as a toxic contaminant affecting several hundreds of thousands of people. Nitrates and phosphates from excessive use of fertilizers in agriculture and detergents in households are grim reminders of dissolved anion contamination in rural groundwater supplies. Chemical weathering of slag and fly ash recycled as cement materials can release anionic chemical species that has alarmed the industrial community. Long-lived dissolved anionic nuclides such as 14C, 36Cl, 79Se, 99Tc and 129I from radioactive wastes of the nuclear power industry are also a cause for grave concern.The behavior of dissolved anionic chemical species in the natural environment has proved to be the most important factor in determining their hazards and their accumulation in minerals that comprises rocks and soils. In this context, this paper presents a review of the chemical speciation of hazardous inorganic anions in groundwater. It is one of main objectives of the paper to depict and understand anion mobility at different pH and redox conditions in the natural geochemical environment. A substantial part focuses on adsorptive behavior of the anions onto goethite as the representative adsorbent in the natural environment. Finally, the management strategies involved in controlling hazardous inorganic anions in the natural environments, i.e., natural remediation strategies of anions, are comprehensively reviewed and discussed. The final part is reinforced by several examples of natural attenuation processes in governing the anion mobility.
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天然での有害無機陰イオンの挙動とマネージメント

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