Growth of porous anodic alumina films in hot phosphate–glycerol electrolyte

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Growth of porous anodic alumina films has been examined at 10 V in hot phosphatecontaining glycerol electrolyte containing from 0.1 to 0.57 mass% water. The growth rate of the films is highly dependent upon the water content of the electrolyte, reducing markedly at a water content of 0.1 mass%, an opposite trend to that found previously for formation of porous films on titanium and niobium. Chemical dissolution of the anodic alumina is also suppressed in electrolyte of low water content. GDOES depth profiles revealed that an increased water content of the electrolyte promoted incorporation of phosphorus species into the films, although chemical dissolution reduced the amounts of phosphorus in the outer regions. Carbon species also appeared to be present in films,particularly at lower water content. Using a niobium oxide outer layer to suppress chemical dissolution resulted in films that were about 1.2 times the thickness of the consumed aluminium for an electrolyte containing 0.25 mass% water. The expansion suggestspossible contribution of field-assisted flow of film material in growth of the porous anodic film.