ニホンスモモにおける種子数と胚の発育程度の品種間差及びそれらと果実肥大の関係

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ニホンスモモ（P. salicina）品種群及びその大陸間種間雑種品種群を供試して，種子の発育程度の品種間差とその果実肥大との関係について追究した．供試18品種中，ll品種は1果に1種子を形成した．2種子を形成する果実の割合は‘西田’が最も高かった（1.13種子／1果）．完全種子の割合が75％以上だったのは6品種，75％未満50％以上が1品種，50％未満25％以上が2品種，25％未満が9品種であった．粃種子の割合は完全種子と逆の傾向を示した．ニホンスモモ品種における完全種子率は4％～86％であり，ほとんどがかなり低率であった．一方，アメリカナ系雑種品種7品種の完全種子率は7％一96％であり，ほとんどが高率であった．また，これらのほとんどが供試した品種群において上位の発芽率を示した．サイモンスモモ系ニホンスモモの‘ホワイトプラム’は90％の高い完全種子率を示した．ミロバランスモモ（P. cerasifera）と見られる‘オセロ’は最も高い完全種子率（96％）を示したが，P.salicina × P. cerasifera の雑種である‘メスレー’と‘ハリウッド’は供試品種中で最も低い完全種子率（0％）と最も高い粃種子率（それぞれ65％と93％）を示した．完全種子を持つ果実と不完全種子を持つ果実の重さには差がなく，完全種子または不完全種子を持つ果実と粃種子を持つ果実の重さには差があるものの大きな差はなかった．ニホンスモモの大陸間種間雑種における以上のような親和性や調和性は同様な進化（種分化）をたどって来たと推定されるブドウ属（Vitis）のヨーロッパ種（V.vinifera），東アジア種群（V.spp.）および北アメリカ種群（V. spp．）の大陸間雑種と似ていた．Investigation on the difference of seed development and its relation to fruit enlargement were carried out with Japanese plum (P. salicina) cultivars and its intercontinental interspecific hybrid cultivars. in 11 of 18 cultivars used, one seed was produced in one fruit. The rate of fruit with two seeds was the highest in 'Nishida' (1.13seed per fruit). The percentage of perfect seeds was more than 75% for nine cultivars, 75-50% for one, 50-25% for two and less than 25% for nine. The percentages of empty seeds in these cultivars were the reverse inclination to that of perfect seeds. The rates of perfect seeds in Japanese plum cultivars ranged from 4 to 86% and were low in most of the cultivars, whereas those in seven intercontinental hybrid cultivars with Americana plum (P. americana) in their pedigree ranged from 7 to 96% and were high in most of the cultivars. Furthermore, most of the intercontinental hybrid cultivars showed higher germination rates than the other cultivars. 'White Plum', a possible hybrid cultivar from P. salicina × P. simonii, showed high percentage of perfect seeds (90%). Although 'Ocelot', a possible P. cerasifera cultivar, showed the highest percentage of perfect seeds, 'Mesley' and 'Hollywood' that are hybrid cultivars from P. salicina × P. cerasifera showed the lowest rate of perfect seeds (0%) and the highest rate of empty seeds (65% and 93%, respectively). In almost all cultivars, there was no significant difference in fruit weight between fruits with perfect seeds and those with imperfect seeds, whereas there were small difference in fruits weight between fruits with perfect or imperfect seeds and those with empty seeds. These compatibility and incongruity observed in the intercontinental and interspecific hybrid cultivars of Japanese plum resembled those in intercontinental and interspecific hybrid cultivars between Vitis species that speciated in Europe (Caucasus), North America and East Asia as plum did. The result of this study suggested that the treatment to enhance embryo growth and development is required when hybrid seedlings are produced with cultivars forming empty seeds with very high frequencies.
2005-10-31

ニホンスモモにおける種子数と胚の発育程度の品種間差及びそれらと果実肥大の関係

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