3 超音波-膜ハイブリッドプロセスでの膜性能向上における超音波効果の解明(物質の分離と抽出)
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概要
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We reported that membrane treatments used for ultrafiltration and microfiltration (MF) were enhanced in ultrasound field. Most of these researches were concerned with increases of permeate flux for their membrane treatment processes by the ultrasound irradiation. In the present work, hollow fiber MF membrane made of polyethylene (540VS, Mitsubishi Rayon), which had 80 mm length with 0.8 μm diameter, was used. The pore size of the hollow fiber membrane was 0.4 μm diameter and total surface area 0.01 m^2. The MF module having 140 mm hight and 100 mm width contained a bundle of 512 hollow fiber membranes and showed complete cutoff of 1 wt% of milk aqueous solution. The MF membrane module was used for incubation flow filtration using circular pump (Millipore XX80) and the filtration was operated under 60 kPa pressure. Ultrasound effect on enhanced membrane treatment process was measured under 28 kHz ultrasound (300W) onto the vicinity of hollow fiber microfiltration (MF). When the MF membrane module was placed behind ultrasound transducers on 4, 8 and 12 cm distance, the resultant permeation flux of the MF membrane was improved from the fouled membrane condition. The 28 kHz ultrasonic frequency and sound pressure emitted from the transducers was estimated with model pulse receiver (Model 5058PR) connected from immersion transducer probe (Panametrics V301). In the water bath, the probe was set on 120 mm depth with 1cm interval positions to obtain distribution of the 28 kH frequency intensity. Luminor chemi-luminescence was also determined by camera from top view of the water bath. The MF membrane permeate flux was drastically decreased by milk fouling for 30 min operation. At the filtration time for fouling, then water washing cleaning of polyethylene hollow fiber MF membranes was carried out within water bath of the sonic cleaner. In these processes, the recover efficiency of the fouled membranes was changed at different module positions. It was fond that the efficiency of ultrasound-washing was high at the 8 cm position and low at the 12 cm position. The 8 cm position was that the sound pressure was higher than that of 4 and 12 cm positions. Weakly observed in the region of 0-7 cm distance was in liminor chemi-luminescence, while the blue emission intensity was strong through the 8-12 cm behind position. These suggested that the enhanced membrane permeation was resulted mainly from high sound pressure of ultrasound. To future approach in ultrasound-membrane hybrid system, further study on mechanism of the ultrasound effect in the membrane treatment should be investigated more in future in view of standing wave and cavitation.
- 日本ソノケミストリー学会の論文
- 2003-10-30
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