イギリス新労働党による地方教育当局改革についての一考察 : 教育発展計画およびLEA査察に関する新たな政策を対象として(III 研究報告)
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概要
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Education reforms conducted by the New Labour raised a range of controversies or complaints, especially among officials in LEAs. To be precise, New Labour's policies reinforced the control over LEAs through reviewing and reusing the Education Development Plans and implementing LEA inspections. The malfunction of the educational system remains, however, a big problem to be solved. This paper aims at finding the philosophy on which New Labour's EDP and LEA inspection policies are based and arguing their potentials. Mr. Paul Robinson, the director of the Wandsworth LEA, commented that New Labour's policies were overtly prescriptive to ask for many plans and targets. By September 2003, all 150 LEAs had actually been inspected from one to three times by OfSTED through the Audit Committee. The reports of inspections and Comprehensive Performance Assessment results are published. While LEAs with good performance are encouraged to implement further autonomous innovations, those with poor performances are intervened with by the Secretary of State, in some cases to contract their services out. These inspections are conducted based on each LEA's EDP. Each LEA presents its own perspectives for improving educational services in the area or supporting schools. These EDPs are reviewed precisely during the inspection processes by OfSTED. EDP is put at the heart of the radical modernization of the LEA. Blair's government took over many policies involved in "accountability" from the Conservatives, including inspection and assessment by OfSTED. But New Labour is not implementing these policies with the same philosophy as the Conservatives. For the Conservative government, total responsibility for the failure of the educational system should have been taken by LEAs and Labour party. They believed that the LEAs should be inspected to reveal their malfunctions and deprive them of their power. But for New Labour, believing that the LEA should work effectively and properly, inspections have been conducted to encourage the successful LEAs and improve failings by such means as contracting their services out. In other words, believing in and trusting functions and the role of LEAs in the educational system, New Labour is aware of the necessity of reform. Their policies, based on this recognition, such as reinforcing the power of intervention of the Secretary of State and the EDP, necessarily lead to centralization. Many people believe that such a reinforcement of centralization is dangerous. But, at the same time, more powers are also charged to the LEAs. 'At the time of the passage of the School Standards and Framework Act in 1998, some took the view that this radical power of central intervention would be a measure of last resort and rarely invoked' said Paul Meredith. But New Labour's LEA reform is not a mere ideal. They reinforced top-down management in the LEA system through inspections and EDPs. This is because New Labour expects that market principles will be far less likely to result in an improvement of educational standards than the Conservatives had thought. New Labour's policies are based on new welfare state strategies. These strategies should be examined in terms of their effectiveness and significance in respect to the potential for construction of a new educational system under the concept of accountability.
- 日本教育行政学会の論文
- 2004-10-08
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- イギリス新労働党による地方教育当局改革についての一考察 : 教育発展計画およびLEA査察に関する新たな政策を対象として(III 研究報告)