Galileo's Principle of Descending Motion along Inclined Planes
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概要
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At the beginning of the third day of his Discourses Galileo proposed the principle (principio) of descending motion along inclined planes as a postulate. After its publication, he dictated its proof to Vincenzo Viviani, and it was published in his Opere di Galileo Galilei (1656). In this paper, I examine the proof and investigate why he did not present it as part of the Discourses. Galileo first proved a static lemma and then deduced the principle. The deduction consists of two parts that are similar to the proofs of Proposition 6, the so-called Chords Rule. The first part is the same as the second proof of Proposition 6 and the second part is similar to the reverse of the third proof of Proposition 6. The study of this proof elucidates a problem in Galileo's mechanics, particularly, regarding the relationship between force and acceleration. Galileo's confidence in the validity of the principle is based on his viewpoint of conservation of mechanical energy in relation to falling motion.
- 2011-12-31
著者
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Ito Kazuyuki
Department Of Applied Chemistry Graduate School Of Engineering Osaka University
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Ito Kazuyuki
Department Of Philosophy And History Of Science Graduate School Of Letters Kyoto University
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