亜臨界・起臨界流体を利用した廃棄物のリサイクル技術(<小特集>第7回エネルギー転換・利用に関わる若手研究者の勉強会活動報告)

概要

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We introduce two kinds of conversion techniques of waste biomass to useful fuels and a kind of waste plastics recycling using sub- or supercritical fluids. The first topic is the production of bioethanol from paper sludge. The saccharification of cellulose using subcritical water and cellulase enzyme has been studied. This technique realized more than 80% glucose yield and no production of furfural compounds. The glucose yield increased around 20% by the pretreatment of subcritical water hydrolysis of cellulose. Subcritical water treatment was effective for loosening the hydrogen bonding between cellulose molecules. The second topic is the production of powdery fuel from the mixtures of food and plastic wastes. This technique has been studied to convert refractory waste mixtures to clean and powdery fuel with high heat of combustion. Large scale pilot plant is operating to demonstrate the usability now. The last topic is the recycling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). The decomposition and solubilization of thermosetting epoxy resin has been investigated in supercritical methanol. The optimum condition was 270℃, 10MPa and 1h of reaction time. The analysis of the decomposed epoxy resin indicated that the main chain of epoxy resin did not decompose and the ester bond between epoxy resin and curing agent decomposed selectively.
2009-12-20