インド鉄鋼業の発展と技術吸収力 : 日本の経験をふまえて(下)

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概要

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• This paper has tried to analyze the uniqueness and universal features of Industrialization in the case of Indian steel industry from a view of "technology absorption", as compared to a Japanese experience (as a successful case of late-industrialized country). The findings are as follows: The first is that when the modern integrated iron and steel technology was transplanted from the West at the beginning of 20th century, both India and Japan were technologically lagging behind about 20〜30 years, but the way it was transplanted makes a sharp difference between the two; India faced much more difficulties than Japan, such as lack of technological accumulation, resource mobilization under the colonial state. . The second is that in terms of technology absorption, there was a distinct difference between the Pre-Independence and Post-Independence India; in the former period, the modern integrated technology was better absorbed so as to increase productivity and diversify products than the latter period. The third is that the higher the modern steel technology was absorbed, the more accelerated productivity growth between the production processes of pig iron making, ingot steel making and finished steel making, what we call "growth wave" were observed in both India and Japan. The fourth is that the absorbing capability of integrated iron and steel technology was relatively lower in Post-Independence period than Pre-Independence period, which was diametrically different from the Japanese experience. There are mainly six possible reasons why TISCO's absorbing capability of integrated iron and steel technology was relatively lower in Post-Independence period (the first three reasons are external and the last three are internal factors) as follows: The first is that the TISCO's increase in production volume (as a pre-requisite for absorbing technology) had become far less responsive to the steel market expansion. The second is that the market pressure by competition had weakened drastically in Post-Independence period, which turned out to be little stimuli for technology absorption. The third is that the regulatory government policy was not supportive of TISCO, despite it had a rich experience of iron and steel making technology, succeeded from the Pre-Independence period (this is totally different from a Japanese experience). The fourth is that (managing the quality of human resources is of great importance for technology absorption, and) the innovative spirit of TISCO's entrepreneurs, and highly motivated employees, which had been observed specially in the "Indianization" process of Pre-Independence period, were faded away in the Post-Independence period. The fifth is that (managing the fuel efficiency by processing the coal to cokes is crucially important for energy-consuming integrated steel plant, and) increasing dependence upon the TISCO's own captive coal mines (internalized, instead of market channel) in the Post-Independence period, had put shackles on improving the fuel efficiency of steel, and thereby, had lowered the technology absorption capability. The sixth is the view that lack of funds for modernizing TISCO's integrated steel plant was a bottleneck for technology absorption may not be supported, due to the fact that financial soundness in terms of rates of profits was far better in the Post-Independence period than the Pre-Independence period. The above analyses have revealed that the real causes of TISCO's lowering technology absorption capability in the Post-Indupendence period are 1) lowering the market pressure by competition due to the government regulatory (industrial and technology) policy, and 2) TISCO by itself turning from risk-taker to risk-evader.

• 麗澤大学の論文

著者

• 大場 裕之

  麗澤大学

関連論文

• インド鉄鋼業の発展と技術吸収力 : 日本の経験をふまえて(下)
• インド鉄鋼業の発展と技術吸収力 : 日本の経験をふまえて(上)
• アジア諸国の機械産業における産業発展のパターンと産業政策 : 自動車産業の事例を中心に

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