ライフ・サイクルと対応する価値志向の縦断的研究

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To analysis the developmental changes of value orientations, it is important to consider the age and times effects, the purpose of this study are to capture and operationally define and analyze the value by 1) studying the basic value structures of value orientations based on the data gathered using a questionnaire, 2) investugating times effect on the value orientations, and 3) clarifying the value orientation characteristics of a group cohort which an individual belongs to. Finally, a series of interview was conducted to find the effects of environmental changes and individual experiences on the value changes. 1. Basic Structure of Value Orientations Factor analysis was performed on ratings gathered by "13 ways to live" questionnaire (Morris, 1956) for 4,089 subjects and four factors was extracted. Each of the factor was named as follows' "I. sympathy & service", "II. introspective life" , "III. active action", and "IV. comfort & variousness". 2. Value Changes across Times To study the times effect on the alumni who spent their adolescent years in the 60s, it is necessary to compare the adolescent subject group and the middleaged subject group in 60s and 90s. "I. sympathy & service" was valued more by the parents in both periods than the students. For "II. introspective life", the scores of the parents in the 90s come closer to that of students. A different pattern was observed by the subject groups in each period on "H. active action". No significant difference was found among the fathers, mothers and male students in the 60s, while the mothers in the 90s valued it significantly lower than other two groups. In the female student's families, it was valued the most by the fathers in the 60s and about the same by the mothers and daughters. In the 90s, the difference increased between the fathers and other two. One of reasons for the mothers' low scores is considered that the females, especially the mothers, are likely to be in the social position or role in which "active action" is not a required character. For "IV. comfort & variousness", there was no significant difference among the three groups in the 60s, while it was valued more by the mothers and students than the fathers in the 90s. This is an indication that the mothers and students emphasize "flexibility", "peace and comfort" in their life. 3. Comparison of Life Values between Adolescents and Middle-Aged Subjects A follow-up study was conducted on 92 alumni who were students in the 60s to investigate the changes in values in their middle-aged period. For" I. sympathy & service", the follow-up study showed no significant difference for both males and females. It is assumed that the age and times factors both affected the individual's value system in a opposite direction causing no change in their scores or it can also be assumed that the difference was caused by a difference in cohorts. For" II. introspective life", no difference was observed between the males and females in the follow-up study. And the correlation between the two periods was significantly high. It is assumed that there is a consistency in each individual male subject for the value. For "M. active action", the follow-up study also showed a marked decrease in females. This factor is considered to be affected by social role. For "IV. comfort & variousness", the follow-up study also indicated the times effect and it was rated higher in the middle-aged period than the adolescent period for both males and females. 4. Case Study in the Follow-up Subject An interview was conducted on 19 alumni subjects to study how the environmental changes and experiences affected the value changes. A difference in evaluation to the university was observed between the subjects whose value remained constant and those whose value changed. For the subjects whose value changed, not only the situational factors but also accumulated personal experiences are cosidered to play an important role in value changes. It is assumed, therefore, that an individual's value resides in the point of equilibrium between accumulated personal experiences and outside reality.
国際基督教大学の論文

ライフ・サイクルと対応する価値志向の縦断的研究

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