青年・父親・母親三者関係における自己有能感に関する日米比較

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The relationships between two predictor variables, psychological supports from parents and the importance of future-goal expectancy for their adolescent children, and a criterion variable, adolescents' self-competence, were examined for 143 Japanese (67 females and 76 males) and 52 Anglo-American (30 females and 22 males) college sophomores and their parents. All predictor variables were measured on the basis of the perceptions of both adolescents and parents. Psychological support from parents: (1) The analysis of variance (ANOVA) by culture, person, and gender of the children indicated that all the scores by both Japanese adolescent children and their parents were lower than their Anglo-American counterparts though those perceptions of fathers by adolescents and of fathers by themselves were consistently lower than those of mothers in both cultures (2) The correlational analysis indicated a clear difference between the two cultures. Those of the Japanese triads showed significantly higher correlations than did their Anglo-American counterparts. The importance of future-goal expectancy for adolescent children: The ANOVA by culture, person, and gender of the children indicated that parental scores by both Japanese and Anglo-Americans were higher than those of adolescent children in both cultures. This means that parental perceptions of the importance of future-goal expectancy for children are uniformly higher than those by children. Self-competence of adolescent children: (1) The ANOVA by culture, person, and gender of the children showed that the self-estimation of internal resources by males was relatively higher than that by females in both cultures, while the self-estimation of social skills was the reverse. (2) The correlational analysis indicated a clear contrast between Japanese and Anglo-Americans, that is, the self-competence domains of Japanese were more significantly intercorrelated with each other than those of their Anglo-American counterparts. This means that Anglo-American adolescents tended toevaluate themselves on the basis of a specified characteristic of competence, whereas Japanese adolescents did so on the basis of a perceived integrated characteristic of competence. Effect of psychological support and the importance of goal-expectancy on adolescents' self-competence: (1) The findings from upper-lower group analysis and the regression analysis indicated that psychological support from parents significantly predicted their adolescent children's self-competence more than did parental expectancy of their children's goals. (2) This relatedness appeared most clearly in the case of Japanese, especially female adolescents.This means that the adolescent self-competence of Anglo-Americans is less affected by either psychological support from parents or parental expectancy of their children's goals. This study has established that the self-competence of Japanese adolescents is built up through interpersonal constraints , whereas their Anglo-American counterparts' self-competence is mainly built up through independent constraints.
東京女子大学の論文

青年・父親・母親三者関係における自己有能感に関する日米比較

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