『台湾総督府公文類纂』にみる戸口規則、「戸籍」、国勢調査 : 明治38年の臨時台湾戸口調査を中心として
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This essay explores the first national census undertaken in Japan. Although Japan's first national census was slated to take place in 1905, it was not undertaken in Japan proper due to the Russo-Japanese War. Instead, one was undertaken only in the colony of Taiwan. This essay seeks to explore aspects of this census that took place in Taiwan. During the period of Japanese rule, investigations were regularly undertaken in Taiwan by the police to compile records of information that would help reveal, for example, the size of the population and the names and ages of residents. The 1905 census utilized the results of such investigations as basic source material. More specifically, the Office of the Governor General undertook the census by taking the investigative points previously used as the framework onto which were added numerous questions, such as those concerning the status and family background of residents. Consequently, the Office of the Governor General, which had obtained specific records pertaining to residents, did not implement a family registration system in Taiwan, but rather, adopted a policy of using these records in lieu of family registration in Taiwan. differences between the objectives and nature of investigations (national census or otherwise) undertaken by the police and the objectives and nature of family registration, this was not legally recognized as constituting a system of family registration. As a result, Taiwan, which did not have a family registration system, became a legal jurisdiction distinct from Japan proper with respect to family registration.
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