給・回賜品からみた明代中国の対外関係

概要

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The author made the report on chao-gong states recorded in ben-ji in Ming-shi (History of Ming Dynasty) in the previous Proceeding and made a conclusion that only 19 out of 87 countries (regions) recorded in ben-ji seem to have had the substantial relation with China. 19 names of the countries (regions) are Chaoxian (Korea), Liuqiu(Okinawa), Wusichan(Tibet), An'nan(Northern part of Vietnam), Xianluo(Siam), Zhancheng(Chanpa), Hami(Hami), Tuluofan(Tulfan), Sanmalahan(Samalkand), Zhaowa(Java), Wala(Monglian tribe), Manlajia(Malacca), Riben(Japan), Sumentala(Sumatra), Tianfang(Mecca), Zhenla(Cambodia), Bangjiala(Bengal), Boni(Bulnei), and Yilibali(Bishubalik) in frequency order. Chaoxian, Liuqiu, An'nan, Xianluo, Zhancheng, Zhaowa,Wala, Manlajia, Riben, Sumentala, Zhenla, Bangjiala and Bulnei are recorded in waiguoliechuan (biographies of foreign countries) and remaining Wusichuan, Hami, Tuluofan, Sanmalahan, Tianfang and Yilibali are in Xiyuliechuan (Biographies of western Region) in Mingshi, which suggests different relation with China between two groups. The tributes which these countries (regions) brought and the return gifts from China are recorded in "Ta Ming Hui Dian". Present article discusses the return gifts and other benefits which high ranking seven tributary countries (regions) gained during Ming Dynasty.