クレデンシャリズム論から見た日本的教育資格

概要

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In modern society, educational credentials often have very little to do with the skills actually used in a job and the pursuit of such credentials becomes an end in itself. This social phenomenon may be termed credentialism. We may consider the subject under the following headings: (1) The function of credentialism, in general, is to socially exclude one group from another. In this case, educational credentials are affected by ascribed factors like race, religion, and gender more so than they are by aquired skills per se. (2) The meaning of an educational credential is more ambiguous in Japan than in other countries because of the relative lack of a Japanese occupational qualification system. (3) In advanced societies, educational credentials are seen as an index representing an individual's real ability, which is rather advantageous to the dominant group. One Japanese example of this is shown in the relationship between Japan's leading companies and the pseudo-autonomous Japanese educational system.