発達障害児と自発性瞬目

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The literatures dealing with the relationships between the spontaneous eyeblinks and the developmental disorders were reviewed from the standpoint of development. The developmental disorders treated here are schizophrenia, epileptic disorder, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), fragile X syndrome, and autism. In the adult patients, a typical case for the decreased eyeblink rates is the Parkinsonism, which was marked from the beginning of study of spontaneous blinking and the the case of increased rates is the schizophrenic patients. However, the results in children are slightly different from those in adults. Five developmental disorders referred in the present study shows the unique eyeblink behaviors in each group. These specific eyeblink behaviors may result from two kinds of dopaminergic activities derived from two regions of brain, basal ganglion, and prefrontal lobe.総説Review Article