濃度差を利用したイオン流体の選択膜透過による電位差の発生機構

概要

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Potential difference caused by a separation of ions in an electrolytic solution is discussed. In an enclosed container inducing potential difference, an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchangemembrane are installed so as to divide the interior of the container into three sections. The middle section of the container is filled with a diluted NaCl solution, while the end sections are filled with pure water, thus the diffusion potential arises between each section. Ionic substances in a dilute solution of themiddle section diffuse into pure water of both the end sections, and thus ions are selectively permeated through ion exchange membranes: Cations increase in one end section by permeation through a cationexchange membrane, while anions increase in remaining end section by permeation through an anion exchange membrane. When the concentration of NaCl solution is 0.3 mol/l , the potential difference isabout 250mV induced between a pair of electrodes fixed onto interior both end-walls of the container.