Chemistry Laboratories in Russia : 1700-1917

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The history of chemistry laboratories in Imperial Russia (1700-1917) is tightly linked to the history of higher education institutions (universities and technical institutes) and the Academy of Sciences. Very few chemistry laboratories were established in connection with chemical industry, private individuals, governmental agencies not involved with education, or other commercial ventures up to the end of the Imperial period (1917). The development of chemistry laboratories in Russia can be divided into three main periods: 1) From the early 1700s to the mid- 1850s chemistry laboratories at the higher educational institutions were on a small scale and primarily served as a location for preparing demonstrations for classroom lectures. A few chemistry professors during this period established small chemistry laboratories at their homes. 2) Beginning in the late 1850s, chemistry in Russia became professionalized, leading to the building of new laboratories to be used for both teaching and research. 3) By the 1890s, the facilities built and renovated in the 1860s and 1870s had become outdated and cramped, prompting a call for new laboratories. Only a few of these new laboratories actually were built, due to financial problems. At the same time, a growing crisis in Russian higher education led to calls for the creation of new institutional forms for chemistry which would radically alter the functions of the chemistry laboratories. However, few of these proposals were enacted prior to the Revolutions of 1917, although they formed the basis for the restructuring of chemistry and other sciences under the new Bolshevik regime after 1917.
日本科学史学会の論文
2004-11-30

Chemistry Laboratories in Russia : 1700-1917

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