スプラウトにおける対外政策研究の再検討の試み(1) : その国際政治学の理論体系に注目して(第I部 北東アジアの国際関係)

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概要

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• The purpose of this and forthcoming papers is to re-examine the contribution of Harold and Margaret Sprout's foreign policy studies in the American international theory. The Sprouts are pioneers who interpret the concept of power as a behavioral relationship, not as a quantifiable mass, and who insinuate this reinterpretation into the foreign policy studies. From my point of view, the Sprouts' international politics can be regarded as a study of foreign policy in terms of power approach. However, very few attempts have been made at such re-examination. Then, especially in this paper, I will present my point of view, and give an outline of international politics proposed by the Sprouts. This paper evolves as follows : First, I will briefly describe the philosophical background of the Sprouts' international politics. My interests are the Sprouts' view of human character, state action or behavior, political activities, international politics and so on. Secondly, I will bring their methodological attempts into relief. Their attempts can be described as a "analysis-oriented approach" or an "interdisciplinary approach." Above all, a key distinguishing feature is their criticism of "determinism" as well as their aspiration for "middle-range theory." The Sprouts have persistently criticized a deterministic thinking for hypothesizing an invariable correlation between several particular causes and their effects. This criticism leads to their orientation of pitching analysis at a relatively low level of abstraction. This analytical idea is strengthened by the combination of "cognitive behaviorism, " "possibilism, " and "probablism." Strictly speaking, this idea can be regarded as a paradigm in the sense. that it is rather more than a perspective but considerably less than a system of theories. Thirdly, I will illustrate the paradigmatic framework of the Sprouts' international politics. This framework is, in their own term, referred as the "ecological paradigm." It focuses upon the interrelations of human individuals and political communities with one another and with nonhuman conditions and events. This viewpoint and this mode of thinking, according to the Sprouts' words, are well suited to the identifying and illuminating of the essential dimensions of international politics. This ecological paradigm produces no ready-made solution, while providing an ideal framework, but it helps to identify the salient issues. It also offers a mode and style of thinking that seems to us especially insightful and constructive in this era of revolutionary turmoil. Thus, the ecological paradigm is indeed operated in the frameworks of "foreign policy analysis" and "capability analysis." The Sprouts have sustained a balanced approach between the two areas of inquiry. In the context of international politics, these approaches deploy behavioral models and theories for description, explanation, and prediction of policy objectives, processes of policy-making, techniques of statecraft, and concomitant interactions of statesmen. Detailed arguments upon these approaches and their implications await my forthcoming papers.

著者

• 赤坂 一念

  島根県立大学総合政策学部

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